In 7 billion years, the Sun will turn into a red giant. This will make life on Earth impossible. But it may well happen that Jupiter’s moon Europa, which is currently covered with ice, will become a new home for human life.

The sun as a red giant
In 7 billion years, our Sun will turn into a red giant. Its outer layers will expand, and its luminosity will increase many times over. Mercury and Venus will simply disappear into its depths. What will happen to Earth is still unknown, but it is clear that even if it does not fall onto our star, it will turn into a ball of fire and life on it will become impossible.
However, it is possible that life will be possible somewhere else. In a recent study, scientists investigated whether Earth-like conditions could arise on Jupiter’s moon Europa during its transformation into a red giant.
Now this small world is completely covered in ice. Somewhere in its depths, there may be an ocean filled with life, but living creatures cannot exist on the surface. For this to happen, it needs to receive more energy from outside sources so that the ice melts.
It should be understood that the red giant stage is only a brief episode in the life of a star, between its stay on the main sequence and its long “afterlife” after shedding its outer shells and turning into a white dwarf.
The fact that some planets undergo this process is known from studies of white dwarfs themselves, which are often surrounded by numerous icy bodies. However, it has not yet been possible to properly examine the red giant system, because theoretical calculations are required to understand what is happening there.
Simulation results
Basically, the work of the first two models: situations in Jupiter’s systems, if our opinion is 12.0 billion years and today, that is, 12.5 billion years. In the first case, Jupiter reached the surface of our world at 2 a.m. In the second case, it was only 0.8 AU.
It has been proven that during this period, the heating of Jupiter led to the formation of a thick layer of water vapor clouds in the upper layers of its atmosphere. They also greatly increase the albedo of planets and provide pleasant heating for moons.
As a result, Europa’s ice will begin to melt. At the same time, because this celestial body does not have a dense atmosphere, water will sublimate, that is, it will immediately transition from a solid state to a gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state. However, this pair will be lost fairly quickly due to the moon’s low gravitational pull.
However, some of the water will still remain in liquid form. This will last for a relatively short time — about 200,000 years. However, Europa will remain inhabitable throughout this period.
According to phys.org